He tokomaha te hunga e hono ana i te konumohe ki ngā kēne inu me ngā anga matapihi hoahoa. He iti noa iho te hunga e mōhio ana ko te momo tino pai o tēnei konganuku noa kei waenganui i ngā hangarau matatau o te ao. Ko te konumohe parakore teitei, me te tono ā-tau o te ao he 300,000 ki te 400,000 tana mita anake, he iti iho i te 1% o te putanga konumohe hiko tuatahi katoa, e tautoko ana i ngā rāngai nui mai i ngā pūnga hiko me te hanga semiconductor ki ngā whakaterenga matūriki. Ko tētahi hoki o ngā rauemi matatau matua kei reira ngā kaihanga o te whare e tere haere ana ki te hangarau i ngā tau tata nei.
Te Whakamāramatanga me te Whakarōpūtanga Parakore
Ko te konumohe parakore teitei e tautuhia ana kokonumohe me te parakore iti rawao te 99.99% (tohu 4N), he nui atu i te parakore o te konumohe parakore ahumahi raupapa 1000 paerewa arumoni. I roto i te hangarau rauemi, ka whakarōpūtia e te taumata parakore, me ia tohu e mahi ana i ngā mahi ahumahi motuhake:
- 3N (99.9%): Konumohe parakore ahumahi, e whakamahia ana mō ngā hanganga whānui me ngā pae hiko
- 4N (99.99%): Konumohe parakore teitei paerewa, te taumata mahi mō ngā pepa whakarewa hiko me te paninga whatu
- 4N5 (99.995%): Konumohe parakore-waenga, kua tohua mō ngā pūnga teitei me ngā rauemi whāngai ūnga pupuhi
- 5N (99.999%): Konumohe tino parakore, te paearu mō ngā ūnga pupuhi haurua-haurua me ngā hononga ara iahiko whakauru
- 6N (99.9999%): Konumohe parakore karaehe hiko, i rāhuitia mō ngā rangahau matatau me ngā taputapu kawe hiko nui
He rerekē ki ngā koranu konumohe paerewa, kāore te uara o te konumohe parakore teitei i te kaha ā-ringa. Ko tōna uara arumoni katoa i ahu mai i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana ahurei e āhei ana i te iti rawa o te poke. Kua whakarōpūtia hei rauemi mahi anake, ehara i te rauemi hanganga.
Ngā Tukanga Hanga Whakama
Me whakamahine tuarua te konumohe hikohiko paerewa kia eke ki te parakore 4N me runga ake. E toru ngā hangarau purenga matua e whakahaere ana i te umanga, he rerekē te taumata parakore me ngā utu o ia hangarau:
1. Te hikohiko papa-toru: Ka tutuki te parakore 4N~4N5 mā te hangarau tukanga kua pakari, kua whakamātauhia, engari he nui te whakapaunga pūngao. Koinei tonu te huarahi whakaputa matua mō te konumohe parakore teitei o te taumata ahumahi, me ngā utu whakaputa waenga ki te teitei.
2. Te purenga wehewehe: Ka puta te parakore 4N5~5N me ngā utu whakaputa ka taea te whakahaere. Kua noho hei tukanga matua mō te hanga rauemi whāngai whāinga me te pepa hiko, e tuku ana i te taurite kaha i waenga i te mahi me te ōhanga.
3. Te whakamahine i te rohe: Ka eke ki te 5N~6N te parakore, te taumata teitei rawa atu ka taea te whakatutuki i te taha pakihi, engari he tino iti te putanga me te tino teitei o ngā utu. E whakamahia ana mō te rangahau pūtaiao me ngā tono parakore tino nui.
Ngā Āhuatanga Rauemi Matua
Te mahi tino pai akonumohe parakore teitei e ahu mai ana ingā āhuatanga ā-tinana e whā e tautuhi ana.
Tuatahi, ka tata tōna kawe hiko ki te rohe ariā. Whai muri i te ture a Matthiessen, ka whakararuraru ngā ngota poke i te whatunga karaihe konumohe, ka hanga pokapū marara irahiko e aukati ana i te rere o te iahiko. Ko te tikanga o te parakore teitei ake he hanganga karaihe tino pai ake, ka hua ake he kawe hiko pai ake. Ka taea e te konumohe 4N te eke ki te 98% o te kawe ariā o te konumohe parakore, ka iti ake te wera ātete me te pai ake o te pūngao.
Tuarua, he tino pai te kawe wera. Ka tutuki i te konumohe parakore teitei te kawe wera o te 235~240 W/(m·K), tata ki te mōrahi ariā. Nā te mea ka pāngia hoki te whakawhiti wera e te marara poke, ka whakaitihia tika te ātete wera e ngā whakapainga parakore, ka pai ai te rauemi mō te whakahaere wera mana-teitei.
Tuatoru, he tino ngāwari, he ngāwari hoki te hanga. Nā te mea kāore he wāhanga whakapakari i roto i tōna hanganga moroiti, he tino pai te kirihou o te konumohe parakore, ā, neke atu i te 40% te roa o tōna kaha. He iti te tere whakapakeketanga mahi, ā, ka taea te huri hei pepa angiangi rawa atu, he angiangi ki te 5 maikiromita te matotoru, tata ki te kotahi tekau o te whānui o te makawe tangata.
Tuawhā, he tino ātete ki te waikura. Mā te konumohe parakore teitei ka hangaia he kiriata waikura Al₂O₃ matotoru, ōrite ki runga i tōna mata. Ko te iti o te ihirangi poke he iti ake ngā hapa i roto i tēnei paparanga waikura me te iti ake o ngā rerekētanga pūmanawa waikura ā-rohe, e hua ake ai te ātete waikura nui ake i roto i ngā taiao tukanga kaha.
Ngā Taupānga Ahumahi Matua
E whā ngā rāngai ahumahi utu nui e whakamahia ana te konumohe parakore teitei, ā, he tino uaua ngā whakaritenga rauemi mō ia rāngai.
1. Pepa whakapūnga hikohiko: Koinei te tono nui rawa atu, e 60% neke atu i te tapeke o te konumohe parakore teitei e whakamahia ana. E hiahiatia ana he parakore 4N~5N, he hanganga moroiti kakano pūtoru me te rahi o te kōhao e tino whakahaeretia ana. Ka whakamahia ēnei pepa whakapūnga ki ngā pūnga hiko hiko kaihoko, ngā pūnaha whakahaere hiko waka hiko hou, ngā waeine hiko teihana turanga 5G, ngā kaitahuri auau ahumahi me ngā kaitahuri photovoltaic. Mā te hanganga kōhao pūtoru tika ka taea te whakairo ōrite o ngā pūwero kauhanga, ka whakanui ake i te kaha motuhake.
2. Te hanga hikohiko me te haukoti: He tino tairongo ngā taputapu hikohiko ki te poke o te konganuku. Ka whakamahia te konumohe parakore teitei 5N+ mō ngā whāinga pupuhi i roto i ngā tukanga whakatakotoranga kohu tinana (PVD) mō ngā paparanga hononga maramara, me ngā poke konganuku kawakore e whakahaeretia ana i te taumata ppb. Ka whakamahia hoki mō ngā rauemi hikohiko i roto i ngā tātari ngaru oro mata me ngā taputapu hiko, tae atu ki ngā papa kawe wera teitei mō ngā takai matatau.
3. Ngā hikohiko korehau me ngā whakateretere matūriki: Nā te whakakotahitanga o te kawe hiko teitei, te tino iti o te ātete aukume me te iti o te tere whakaputa hau i raro i te korehau, he mea nui mō ngā rūma korehau whakateretere matūriki, ngā hanganga kōhao RF kawe hiko nui me ngā wāhanga taputapu hihi irahiko.
4. Ngā wāhanga whatu: I muri i te oro tika,ka tutuki i te konumohe parakore teiteineke atu i te 90% te kaha whakaata i roto i te whānuitanga hihi ultraviolet, me te neke atu i te 95% i roto i te mārama e kitea ana. E whakamahia ana mō ngā whakaata mīhini whakaahua hihi ultraviolet hōhonu, ngā whakaata pūoko mamao rererangi me ngā pūnaha taiaho mana-teitei.
Ngā Ārai Hangarau me te Tirohanga Mākete
E toru ngā wero hangarau nui mō te hanga konumohe parakore teitei. Ko te tuatahi ko te whakahaere i te poke tino nui. Mō te taumata 4N, me pupuri te rino i raro i te 20 ppm, te silicon i raro i te 15 ppm me te parahi i raro i te 10 ppm; mō ngā taumata semiconductor 5N+, me whakahaere ngā konganuku kawakore pērā i te konutai, te pāhare pākawa me te konupūmā i raro i te 0.1 ppm, ko te taumata ppb nā te mea he iti noa ngā rahinga ka whakaiti i te mahi a te taputapu semiconductor. Ko te tuarua ko te pupuri i ngā taiao whakaputa tino ma, me te hiahia kia whakamahia he arai oumu parakore teitei me te whakarewa korehau, te hau tiaki rānei hei karo i te poke. Ko te tuatoru ko te utu: ko te utu o te konumohe 4N he 3~5 ngā wā o te konumohe hiko paerewa, ko te utu o te taumata 5N he 10~20 ngā wā, ā, ko te taumata 6N he nui ake i te 50 ngā wā o te utu turanga, nā te nui o te whakapaunga pūngao, te hekenga uara o ngā taputapu, te iti o ngā hua me ngā mahi purenga maha.
I te tirohanga whakamua, e toru ngā au nui ka hanga i te mākete. Ka haere tonu ngā waka pūngao hou me ngā photovoltaics ki te akiaki i te tipu pakari o te tono mō ngā momo 4N. Mā ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau purenga wehewehe ka whakakapia mārire ētahi kaha electrolysis papa-toru, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te utu. Ko te mea nui, mā te whakateretere i te rohe semiconductor ka puta he tono tere mō te tuku ā-whare o te konumohe parakore teitei momo 5N+.
Hei kaiwhakarato motuhake mō ngā hua konumohe ahumahi tae atu ki ngā rau, ngā pae, ngā ngongo me ngā ratonga miihini tika, ka tautoko mātou i ngā kiritaki puta noa i ngā rāngai hikohiko, te haurua-ā-ira me te pūngao hou me ngā rauemi konumohe kounga teitei me ngā otinga hanga ritenga. Mō ngā pātai e pā ana ki ngā whakatakotoranga konumohe parakore teitei, ki te tukatuka wāhanga ritenga rānei, whakapā atu ki tā mātou tīma hokohoko hangarau mō ngā raraunga hua taipitopito me te whakatau utu ritenga.
Wā tuku: 15 o Ākuhata-2026