He konganuku mama, he hiriwa mā te konumohe (Al), koia te tuatoru o ngā huānga tino nui i roto i te kirinuku o te Ao, whai muri i te hāora me te silicon anake. Heoi, nā te kaha o te tauhohenga matū, kāore e puta noa i roto i tōna āhua konganuku parakore. Engari, ka kitea i roto i ngā matū, ko te nuinga i roto i te konganuku bauxite, he ranunga o ngā waikura konumohe waikura tae atu ki te gibbsite (Al(OH)₃), te boehmite (AlO(OH)), me te diaspore.
Te Tukanga Whakamahi i ngā Wāhanga e Rua
Te haerenga mai i te bauxite mata kiko te konumohe parakore teitei e uru ana kingā tukanga ahumahi rerekē e rua.
Ko te wāhanga tuatahi ko te tukanga Bayer, i whakawhanakehia i te tau 1888. Ka konatunatua te bauxite kuru ki te wairewa konutai hauwai wera i raro i te pēhanga, ka whakarewahia ngā kohuke kei roto i te konumohe, ka waiho ngā poke pēnei i ngā waikura rino me te silica. Kātahi ka tātarihia te wairewa konutai aluminate ka puta hei tango i te toenga paru whero, ka whakatōkia ki ngā tioata konumohe hauwai, ā, ka whakapūkarahia i te 1,100°C pea hei whakaputa i te alumina ma parakore, te waikura konumohe rānei (Al₂O₃). Neke atu i te 90% o te alumina o te ao ka whakaputaina mā tēnei tikanga.
Ko te wāhanga tuarua ko te tukanga Hall Héroult. He nui ake te ira rewa o te Alumina i te 2,000°C, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te hiko tika. Ko te otinga ko te whakarewa i te Al₂O₃ ki roto i te cryolite rewa (Na₃AlF₆), e whakaiti ana i te pāmahana mahi ki te 950~1,000°C. Kātahi ka tukuna he iahiko mā roto i te ranunga. Ka kohia te konumohe rewa ki raro (te cathode), ko te hāora ka honoa ki ngā anode waro hei hanga CO₂. Ko tēnei tikanga hiko anake te tukanga ahumahi mō te whakaputa konumohe tuatahi, ka puta he konganuku parakore 99.5~99.8%.
He aha ngā huānga kei roto i te konumohe?
Ko te konumohe parakore tonu he mea hanga ki te huānga Al anake, ko tōna tau ngota he 13, ā, ko tōna taumaha ngota he tata ki te 26.98 karamu/mol. Kei roto i te konumohe parakore arumoni (98.8–99.7% Al) he iti noa ngā tohu o te rino me te silicon hei paru tūturu. Heoi, ko te nuingaka whakawhirinaki ngā tono ki ngā koranu konumohe, te wāhi e tāpirihia ai ngā huānga motuhake hei whakarite i ngā āhuatanga hangarau.
Mō ngā tono hanganga, ka whakamahia e te raupapa 6000 (hei tauira, 6061) te konupūmā me te silicon hei huānga whakarewa matua, ko te 0.8~1.2% Mg me te 0.400~.8% Si te nuinga. Ka tukuna e tēnei whakarewa he taurite pai o te kaha ngawari, te kaha whakarewa pai, me te kaha miihini pai rawa atu.
Mō ngā hiahia kaha-teitei, ka whakauruhia e te raupapa 7000 (hei tauira, 7075) te konutea me te parahi hei huānga matua mō te whakarewa, me te tata ki te 5.16~.1% Zn me te 1.2~2.0% Cu. Ko te kaha kume o te 7075 e tata ana ki te rua o ngā wā ka tukuna e te kaha kume o te 6061-T6, ā, koinei te rauemi pai mō ngā hanganga rererangi me ngā hanganga mahi-teitei.
He iti noa iho ngā rahinga o te chromium, te manganese, me te titanium kei roto i ngā koranu arumoni, ā, he mahi tā ia mea ki te whakapai ake i te witi me te ātete ki te waikura. He mea nui te mārama ki te hanganga pūmotu o ia koranu hei whiriwhiri i te rauemi tika mō ngā whakaritenga miihini, hanga rānei.
Wā tuku: Mei-13-2026